review p.73
cap=head
cap --> cip
capit --> cipit
precipice (ˈprɛsɪpɪs)
pre-cip(head)-ce
n. [a very steep or overhanging place ]
考古:defile:narrowness=precipice:steepness 小道•狹窄=懸崖•陡峭
字源:1598, "fall to great depth," from Fr. précipice, from L. præcipitium "a steep place," lit. "a fall or leap," from præceps (gen. præcipitis ) "steep, headlong, headfirst," from præ- "forth" + caput "head" (see head) . Meaning "steep face of rock" is recorded from 1632.
像跳水一樣,頭往前栽下
precipitate
pre-cipit(head)-ate
v. [to throw violently]
ps. 這意思也有adj的用法, falling, flowing, or rushing with steep descent
因此,precipitate有 魯莽的 [ done without care or thought]意思
ex. his precipitate action
v. [to bring about especially abruptly]
ex. One small error precipitated the disaster.
v. [to cause to separate from solution or suspension]
ps. 也可以當名詞,a substance separated from a solution or suspension by chemical or physical change usually as an insoluble amorphous or crystalline solid.
precipitant
pre-cipit-ant
n. [ a precipitating agent especially : one that causes the formation of a precipitate]
考古: solvent <> precipitant
wiki :A solvent (from the Latin solvere, "loosen") is a liquid, solid, or gas that dissolves another solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution that is soluble in a certain volume of solvent at a specified temperature.
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
AgNO3(aq) + NaI(aq) → AgI(s) + NaNO3(aq)
precipitation
pre-cipit-ation
n.[ the quality or state of being precipitate : hastiness ; an act, process, or instance of precipitating especially : the process of forming a precipitate ]
n.雨﹑ 雨夾雪﹑ 雪﹑ 雹子等的降落 [a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow]
from wiki: In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.
It occurs when a local portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapour and the water condenses.
Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated: cooling the air or adding water vapour to the air.
Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with other rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud.
Long-term mean precipitation by month
précis (ˈpreɪsiː)
n.摘要, 大意, 梗慨, 大綱. [restatement in shortened form of the main points or ideas of a speech or written text; summary]
ex. she goes in for giving a rapid precis of all her guests.
Synonyms:
abridgment | ...原本出現在p.3的,但我忘記講解了 |
abstract | p.4 |
résumé | |
summary |
precise
pre-cise(cut) "to cut beforehand"
adj.精確的 [exactly or sharply defined or stated ]
ex. I can remember the precise moment when my daughter came to see me and her new baby brother in hospital.
preclude
pre-clude
v.排除 [to prevent the presence, existence, or occurrence of; make impossible; to make impossible by necessary consequence ]
ex. The insufficiency of the evidence precludes a conviction.
ex. That sale precludes further development on this site.
小review 字根:
claus= clos == close
exclude v.
cloister n. [a covered passage on the side of a court usually having one side walled and the other an open arcade or colonnade] p.89